1. italki · 2. Pimsleur · 3. Babbel · +8
Ranked on one outcome: how quickly each tool gets an adult beginner to hold a basic conversation, then keep improving. Speaking and listening time count more than streaks and badges. Cost model (free, subscription, pay-per-lesson), best stage of learning and the realistic weekly time commitment are listed for each. Most learners do best combining one structured app, one input source and a live tutor; the list says which slot each one fills.
011